The study of nuclear reactions in plasma environments plays a crucial role in nuclear physics, fusion energy, and astrophysics. The core challenge lies in developing methods and technologies for measuring nuclear reactions in complex plasma environments to accurately obtain data on nuclear reactions. This review presents key innovations by the China Institute of Atomic Energy in laser-driven nuclear reaction diagnostics. To overcome EMP interference, a gated ²⁵²Cf fission source calibration method was developed, utilizing intrinsic γ-n correlations to achieve direct in-situ neutron detector calibration. This technique reduced calibration uncertainty to 46-50% and improved signal-to-noise ratio tenfold on Shenguang-II facility. For plasma instability, a self-calibration method based on plasma-jet collisions was established. By measuring the neutron yield ratio Y_LiD/Y_DD= 0.07±0.01 from ⁷LiD targets, the astrophysical S-factor for ⁷Li(D,n) was determined as (24±8) MeV·barn—the first such measurement in a full plasma environment. Results align with cold-target data, indicating negligible electron screening in this regime, suggesting alternative mechanisms for the cosmological lithium problem. D-D experiments yielded 106 neutrons/shot with plasma flow velocities 8.4×10⁵ m/s matching Gamow window conditions. Proton yields reached 8.2×10⁶ per shot via CR-39 diagnostics. These innovations establish quantitative standards for EMP-resistant neutron diagnostics and provide crucial nuclear data for astrophysical models, advancing extreme-condition plasma physics.