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中国物理学会期刊

一维倾斜相互作用动量晶格中的局域化实验研究

Experimental Study of Localization in a One-Dimensional Interacting Tilted Momentum Lattice

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  • 原子间相互作用的调控在超冷原子多体物理的量子模拟研究中起着关键性作用,目前已经成为很多物理现象的重要诱导机制。本工作基于超冷铯原子动量晶格实验装置,研究了一维倾斜动量晶格中原子相互作用对Stark局域化的影响。实验首先在无相互作用条件下通过设置拉曼激光失谐量控制一维动量晶格链发生倾斜,利用时间飞行法测量原子的动力学演化行为,观测到一维链的Stark局域化现象,并引入动量分布宽度d量化该过程。然后利用Feshbach共振技术精密调控铯原子相互作用强度U,研究原子间排斥相互作用对局域化动力学的影响。实验数据显示,系统局域化临界点F_c随U增大呈线性下降趋势,当U/J=0时,F_c=2.85,当相互作用增强至U/J=2.9时,F_c=1.48。研究结果表明,在动量空间中原子间排斥相互作用可加快Stark局域化进程,该实验结果为研究长程相互作用系统的多体局域化动力学机制提供了新的实验依据。

    The control of interatomic interactions is crucial in quantum simulation research on many-body physics using ultracold atoms and has emerged as a key mechanism for inducing various physical phenomena. In this study, we explore the competition between atomic interactions and Stark localization in a one-dimensional tilted momentum lattice system of ultracold Cs atoms. Initially, under non-interacting conditions, we increased the lattice tilt F by adjusting the detuning of Raman lasers and measured the dynamical evolution of atoms via time-of-flight imaging. This allowed us to observe Stark localization in the system, which we quantified using the momentum distribution width d. Subsequently, we precisely tuned the interaction strength U among Cs atoms through Feshbach resonance to examine the impact of repulsive interactions on the localization dynamics. The experimental data reveal that the critical point for localization, F_c, decreases linearly with increasing U, dropping from 2.85 at U/J=0 to 1.48 at U/J=2.9. This finding demonstrates that repulsive interactions in momentum space can accelerate the Stark localization process. These results provide new experimental insights into the mechanisms of many-body localization dynamics in systems with long-range interactions.

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