搜索

x
中国物理学会期刊

合金化元素Al对Pb-Ag合金阳极组织及性能的影响

Effect of Alloying Element Al on the Microstructure and Properties of Pb-Ag Alloy Anodes

PDF
导出引用
  • Pb-Ag合金是锌电沉积过程中应用最广泛的阳极材料,随着对阳极使用寿命、节能环保和锌产品质量要求的不断提高,对高耐蚀、低析氧过电位阳极材料的需求日益迫切。本文研究了Al元素添加对Pb-Ag合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:在Pb-Ag合金中添加Al元素能够改变合金的凝固路径,促使凝固组织中的共晶Ag转变为更为细小的球形或近球形(Ag,Al)相。相较于工业常用的Pb-Ag合金阳极而言,Al元素的添加不仅能够提高合金的耐蚀性能、而且可以降低其析氧过电位。采用Pb-Ag-Al合金作为阳极电解120小时后,阳极泥生成率降低约69.5%,电解液和锌产品中的铅含量分别降低约14.3%和61.8%;此外,Pb-Ag-Al合金的析氧电位相较Pb-Ag合金阳极下降约0.023 V。分析认为,电解过程中Pb-Ag-Al合金阳极表面会形成一层薄而致密的Al2O3保护膜,阻碍电解液对合金基体的进一步侵蚀,从而显著提升其耐蚀性能;细小球形或近球形(Ag,Al)相的形成以及氧化层中活性PbO2相的形成有助于增加合金的催化活性、降低其析氧过电位。

    Lead-silver alloys have been extensively used as anode material for the nonferrous metal electrowinning. In the electrowinning process, the electrolyte is usually sulfuric acid solution, and the oxygen evolution reaction take places at the anode, which leads to the corrosive and oxidizing conditions. There are some challenges when conventional lead and lead alloy anodes are used for electrowinning. One is that high oxygen evolution overpotential increases the cell voltage and leads to a low electrowinning efficiency. Besides, the severe corrosive environment caused by acidic electrolytes extremely reduces the service lifetime of the lead anode and promotes lead contamination in the cathode and environment. With increasing requirements for anode service life, energy conservation, environmental protection and product quality, the demand for anode materials with high corrosion resistance and low oxygen evolution overpotential is becoming increasingly urgent. This study constructs an anode alloy by adding Al element into Pb-1wt.%Ag alloy. The zinc electrowinning experiments, microstructure characterization, and electrochemical performance testing have been carried out with the developed Pb-Ag-Al alloy and the widely used Pb-1wt.%Ag alloy. The results indicate that the addition of Al into Pb-Ag alloy modifies its solidification pathway, significantly refines the Ag-rich eutectic phase and promotes the formation of spherical or near-spherical core/shell (Ag, Al)-rich particles. Compared to the Pb-Ag alloy anode which has been widely used in industry, the Pb-Ag alloy with Al addition not only enhances the corrosion resistance, but also reduces its oxygen evolution overpotential. When the Pb-Ag-Al alloy is used as anode for 120 h electrolysis, the generation rate of anode slime is decreased by about 69.5%, and the lead content in the electrolyte and zinc product are decreased by about 14.3% and 61.8%, respectively. Besides, the oxygen evolution potential of Pb-Ag-Al alloy decreases by approximately 0.023 V. The underlying mechanism of Al addition were clarified by microstructure characterization and electrochemical tests. It demonstrates that a thin and dense Al2O3 protective film forms during zinc electrodeposition process when the Pb-Ag-Al alloy is used as anode material, which is responsible for the improvement of corrosion resistance performance and the reduction of anode slime. The formation of spherical or nearly spherical (Ag, Al)-rich phase and the transformation of PbSO4 to active PbO2 phases in the oxide layer increase the catalytic activity of the alloy, and thus reduces its oxygen evolution overpotential.

    目录

    返回文章
    返回
    Baidu
    map