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中国物理学会期刊

基于外部蓄冷器的旋转式磁制冷流路优化及实验研究

Optimization and Experimental Study of Rotating Magnetic Refrigeration Flow Path Based on External Regenerator

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  • 针对旋转式室温磁制冷系统中由死容积引起的冷量外泄和外部漏热问题,本文提出并验证了一种引入外部蓄冷器的流路优化方案。该方案利用填充有高导热系数紫铜颗粒的床层,将极易引入外部漏热的死容积管段转化为热缓冲层,旨在平抑流体换向瞬间的温度波动并重构AMR冷端的热力学温度边界。实验结果显示,在利用系数为0.95且运行频率为0.2 Hz的最佳工况下,改进系统的无负荷温跨由基础系统的13.19 K提升至17.76 K,相对增幅达34.65%。在带载性能方面,得益于外部蓄冷器强大的热缓冲效应与对漏热的有效拦截,改进系统抵御外部热负载冲击的能力由19.4 W跨越式提升至50 W,增幅达150%以上。研究表明,这一结构优化方案无需复杂的控制逻辑即可有效解决死容积带来的热力学损失,为提升紧凑型磁制冷装置的制冷效率与运行稳定性提供了行之有效的技术路径。

    The dead volume in the external pipelines of room-temperature magnetic refrigeration (RTMR) systems inevitably induces severe thermal mixing and cold energy leakage, significantly degrading the thermodynamic performance. To address this persistent challenge, this study proposes a novel flow-path optimization strategy by introducing an external regenerator (ER) to act as a physical thermal buffer. A highly compact rotary RTMR experimental platform was built, wherein the active magnetic regenerator (AMR) is packed with 0.25-0.50 mm spherical gadolinium particles, and the proposed ER is filled with 2.0 mm high-thermal-conductivity copper particles. The core innovation lies in the ER's ability to reconstruct the thermal boundary conditions at the AMR cold end by effectively absorbing temperature fluctuations during flow reversal, thereby suppressing the thermodynamic losses induced by the dead volume. A large number of experiments validate the effectiveness of this configuration. Under a hot-end temperature of 293 K, the system coupled with the external regenerator achieves a maximum no-load temperature span of 17.76 K at the optimal operating frequency of 0.2 Hz and utilization factor of 0.95, which is 34.65% higher than the 13.19 K of the original system without coupling the external regenerator. Furthermore, the ability of the system to resist external thermal loads is significantly enhanced; under optimal conditions, the maximum load-bearing capacity of this system surges from 19.4 W to 50 W, an increase of over 150%. Notably, the optimized system exhibits excellent adaptability across a broad hot-end temperature range from 293 K to 307 K, still maintaining a high temperature span of 18.87 K even when the hot-end temperature is 307 K. In conclusion, incorporating an external regenerator into the magnetic refrigeration loop provides a simple yet highly effective pathway to mitigate thermodynamic losses, offering a practical engineering solution for the development of high-performance and compact magnetic cooling devices.

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