In a practical continuous-variable quantum secret sharing system, the local oscillator transmitted via an insecure channel may be subject to security threats due to various targeted attacks. To address this problem, this paper proposes a continuous-variable quantum secret sharing scheme with local local oscillator, in which the local oscillator is generated locally at the trusted end without being sent by each user, thus completely plugging the relevant security loopholes. The scheme consists of three stages: preparation, where users generate Gaussian-modulated coherent states and reference signals; measurement, where the dealer performs heterodyne detection using the local local oscillator and reference phases; and post-processing, involving parameter estimation, phase compensation, and secure key extraction. On this basis, Kalman filter is utilized to estimate the minimum mean square error for each reference phase separately, reducing the phase drift estimation error and suppressing the phase measurement noise. Phase compensation methods for scalar Kalman filter and vector Kalman filter are developed respectively, where scalar KF requires additional block averaging for slow phase drift, while vector KF simultaneously models fast and slow drifts, enabling one-step compensation with minimized estimation errors. The excess noise of the filtered system including modulation noise, phase noise, photon leakage noise, and ADC quantization noise is modeled, with KF reducing phase measurement noise via dynamic gain optimization. Security bound against eavesdroppers and dishonest users is derived. Numerical simulations under practical parameters demonstrate significant improvements: vector KF achieves a maximum transmission distance of 82.6 km (vs. 67.3 km for block averaging) and supports 33 users (vs. 22), with excess noise reduced by 40% at 60 km. The scheme’s robustness is further validated under varying reference signal amplitudes, showing stable performance even with lower, minimizing interference with quantum signals. These results highlight the proposed scheme has significant advantages in terms of maximum transmission distance and maximum number of supported users, and has the potential to build adaptive KF algorithms for dynamic user scenarios and quantum machine learning integration.