2.79 μm Er, Cr:YSGG激光乙醇可饱和吸收体被动调<i>Q</i>脉冲特性

王胤泽; 黄磊; 张跃云; 程庭清; 王礼; 江海河

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250658

摘要

适用于2.79 μm波段的可饱和吸收材料一直是该波段被动调Q激光技术研究关注的重点. 乙醇作为一种流动性好、化学性质稳定、恢复性好、损伤阈值高的材料有成为良好可饱和吸收体的潜力. 本研究通过设计的微米级液体厚度调控装置控制乙醇溶液的厚度, 实现了2.79 μm Er, Cr:YSGG激光器被动调Q脉冲输出. 在液层厚度为45 μm, 重复频率为20 Hz时, 获得的多脉冲最大能量为11.64 mJ, 最窄单脉冲宽度为287.6 ns. 结果表明, 乙醇作为液相饱和吸收体在2.79 μm波段吸收暗区也具有良好的可饱和吸收特性, 为乙醇作为饱和吸收体的应用和其他羟基可饱和吸收体材料的研究提供了参考.

关键词:

Abstract

The search for suitable saturable absorption materials for the 2.79-μm wavelength range has been a key focus in the development of passive Q -switched laser technology at this wavelength. High-purity ethanol serving as a saturable absorber operating within its intrinsic absorption darkening region is comprehensively investigated in this work. Ethanol stands out due to its high damage threshold, excellent fluidity, and long-term chemical stability, thereby making it a promising candidate for mid-infrared applications.Using a custom-designed micrometer-precision liquid cell, the ethanol layer thickness is continuously modulated from 14 μm to 55 μm (±1 μm accuracy), and passive Q -switching can be achieved without the need for an external modulator. The laser system adopts a 248-mm planar resonator, which includes a $\varPhi $3 mm × 70 mm Er, Cr:YSGG rod (Cr³⁺ 3% (atomic percentage), Er³⁺ 30% (atomic percentage)), and a flashlamp pumped at 250 μs and 20 Hz. Under these conditions, the output pulse characteristics are governed almost entirely by the ethanol thickness. When the pump energy is fixed at 12.86 J, reducing the layer thickness from 55 μm to 14 μm will shorten the pulse duration from 366.1 ns to 257.9 ns and increase the single-pulse energy from 1.25 mJ to 3.48 mJ. Optimal performance, characterized by 287.6 ns pulses and 11.64 mJ energy, is achieved at a thickness of 45 μm.While maintaining this optimal thickness, increasing the pump energy from 7.01 J to 10.75 J will further compress the pulses from 629.1 ns to 287.6 ns and increases the output energy from 0.52 mJ to 11.64 mJ, none of which do not cause optical damage, indicating a damage threshold exceeding 10 J/cm². At pump energies exceeding 8.4 J, the ethanol undergoes re-bleaching within its ~20 μs recovery time, resulting in the formation of 2–5 equally spaced nanosecond sub-pulses (6–12 μs spacing, effective repetition ≈ 100 kHz) within a single pump envelope, which is an operating regime highly favorable for precision laser ablation.The beam quality at maximum output is measured to be $ M_x^2 =7.51 $ and $ M_y^2 =7.51 $. These results are supported by rate-equation modeling combined with temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections from the HITRAN database, establishing ethanol as an adjustable, high-damage-threshold liquid saturable absorber for compact mid-infrared Q -switched lasers, and emphasizing the broader potential of hydroxyl-containing liquids for next-generation medical and spectroscopic applications.

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作者及机构信息

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通信作者: 江海河, hjiang@hfcas.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2024YFB3613302)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author: JIANG Haihe, hjiang@hfcas.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2024YFB3613302).

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