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中国物理学会期刊

非晶催化材料中结构和序调控:结构-性能关联及发展展望

Structural and Order Regulation in Amorphous Catalytic Materials: Structure-Property Correlation and Prospects

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  • 当前全球面临能源危机与环境污染的双重挑战,亟需实现清洁高效的能源转化与污染治理。催化剂作为化学反应的核心驱动力,在降低活化能、提升转化效率方面发挥着不可替代的作用,广泛应用于燃料电池、电解水制氢及污染物净化等领域。然而,传统催化剂在活性、稳定性和资源可持续性方面存在局限,尤其依赖贵金属的高成本与稀缺性制约了其大规模推广。因此,开发兼具高效、稳定与环保的新型催化材料成为必然趋势。非晶合金因其长程无序、短程有序的原子结构及成分可调特性,展现出独特的催化优势。低配位不饱和原子提供丰富活性位点,多元合金组成可灵活调控电子结构,通过纳米多孔化等手段显著提升比表面积,且具备优异的耐腐蚀性与环境友好性。近年来,非晶合金在电催化(HER、OER)、污染物降解、氢气氧化(HOR)及甲醇氧化(MOR)等反应中表现出优异性能与广阔应用潜力。本文系统综述了其在能源与环境催化领域的研究进展,并探讨了成分、结构与催化性能的关系,为未来非晶合金催化剂的设计与应用提供参考。

    The world is currently grappling with the dual challenges of an energy crisis and environmental pollution, which underscores an urgent demand for clean and efficient energy conversion and pollution remediation technologies. As the core drivers of chemical reactions, catalysts play an indispensable role in lowering activation energy and enhancing reaction efficiency, and are thus widely applied in fuel cells, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and pollutant purification. However, conventional catalysts often face limitations in activity, stability, and resource sustainability. In particular, the high cost and scarcity of precious metals severely hinder their large-scale deployment. Consequently, the development of novel catalytic materials that simultaneously offer high efficiency, robust stability, and environmental compatibility has become a research imperative. Amorphous alloy, characterized by their long-range disordered yet short-range ordered atomic structures and tunable compositions, exhibit unique catalytic advantages. Their metastable nature and amorphous structure yield abundant low-coordinated and unsaturated atomic sites, which serve as highly active catalytic centers. Moreover, their multi-element alloy composition enables flexible modulation of electronic structures, thereby optimizing adsorption energies for reaction intermediates. Additional strategies, such as the construction of nanoporous architectures, can further increase specific surface area and enhance mass transport. Combined with their excellent corrosion resistance and environmental benignity, metallic glasses present a compelling platform for catalytic applications. In recent years, they have demonstrated remarkable performance and broad application potential in various electrocatalytic reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), pollutant degradation, hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). This review systematically consolidates recent advances in the application of Amorphous alloy in energy and environmental catalysis, with a focus on elucidating the underlying relationships among composition, structure, and catalytic performance. By doing so, it aims to offer valuable insights and strategic guidance for the design and implementation of next-generation metallic glass catalysts.

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