搜索

x
中国物理学会期刊

典型浅海锋面环境下的声传播模态耦合机理

Mode coupling mechanism of sound propagation over typical shallow-water fronts

PDF
导出引用
  • 浅海锋面会导致水平方向上声速发生变化,对水下声传播产生较大影响。本文基于Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB)近似,理论推导了理想浅海锋面下的模态本征值,并结合简正波理论,仿真分析了三类真实锋面环境下的模态耦合及声能量空间分布特征,结果表明:在锋面方向垂直或与地形平行时,未发生从反射模态到反转模态的转变,模态耦合相对较小;而在锋面方向不垂直并且与地形产生交叉时,低声速层厚度的改变使得反射模态转变为反转模态,在模态类型发生转变的位置附近发生剧烈的模态耦合,导致声场能量在模态间重新分配。锋面环境下模态的群速度随距离发生变化,导致水平阵列的干涉条纹斜率改变,并且在模态耦合强烈时会破坏干涉条纹。锋面会显著改变波导环境的垂直声速结构,形成负跃层声速剖面,低阶模态的能量被束缚在海底附近,无论声源深度如何变化,海水下部的能量都远大于海水上部。

    Ocean fronts exert a significant influence on sound propagation in the ocean. We employ a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation to derive analytical expressions for modal eigenvalues, thereby enabling the evaluation of mode coupling across different fronts. First, idealized models of three distinct fronts are established. Using the WKB method, differences in eigenvalues are calculated to identify regions of quasi-crossing points in eigenvalues, where mode coupling is strongest. The derivation results show that the differences in eigenvalues for vertical fronts decreases monotonically with distance, while those for fronts parallel to the seabed topography either decreases monotonically or remains constant. Only for the third type of front does differences in eigenvalues exhibit a minimum value. Numerical simulations verify the accuracy of the proposed approach. The results indicate that no quasi-crossing points occur when the front is either vertical or parallel to the seabed topography. Moreover, for the third type of front, a quasi-crossing point emerges as a mode transitions from a surface-reflected bottom-reflected mode to a bottom-trapped mode. Numerical simulations confirm that vertical fronts and fronts parallel to the seabed, due to the absence of eigenvalue quasi-crossings, exhibit relatively weak mode coupling. In contrast, for the third type of front, mode coupling intensifies within quasi-crossing regions and remains weak elsewhere. Furthermore, group velocity simulations are performed to elucidate differences in intensity striation patterns among the different fronts. For vertical fronts, although the magnitude of group velocity changes with distance, the group velocity of lower-order modes consistently exceeds that of higher-order modes, producing positive-slope intensity striations. In contrast, fronts parallel to the seabed topography yield negative-slope striations because the magnitude relationship of group velocities reverses over certain distance intervals, with higher-order modes exhibiting greater group velocity than lower-order modes. The intensity striations of the third front are distorted due to intense energy coupling at the quasi-crossing points. Finally, we simulate and explain distinct spatial distributions of acoustic energy for the three different fronts. For vertical fronts, since the sound speed remains constant in the vertical direction, energy is uniformly distributed in the vertical direction. In contrast, for the other two fronts, where the sound speed profile forms a low sound-speed layer near the seabed at the reception range, the energy is trapped beneath the thermocline due to the specific structure of the sound speed profile.

    目录

    返回文章
    返回
    Baidu
    map