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中国物理学会期刊

Li8B6:理论预测的八面体硼核立方超原子

Li8B6: A Theoretically Predicted Cubic Superatom with an Octahedral Boron Core

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  • 三维硼构型在小尺寸硼基团簇中极为罕见。本研究结合粒子群优化算法进行结构搜索,理论设计出一种具有Oh对称性的立方Li8B6团簇,并被确认为全局最小值。在该结构中,八个锂原子位于顶点位置,六个硼原子内嵌于各面中心内侧,构成一个正八面体B6核心。此构型展现出优异的稳定性:其裂解能Ef达2.26 eV,比邻近尺寸的锂硼复合物至少高出0.29 eV;同时,基于PBE0计算的能隙也较大(2.36 eV),进一步增强了结构的稳定性。分子动力学模拟证实该团簇在1000 K高温下仍能保持结构的完整性,凸显了其高稳定性。NBO分析该构型表明外层锂骨架向内层硼核心发生了显著的电子转移,且可通过形式表达式Li88+B68-进行概念化表征。电子结构分析显示其电子排布为1S21P62S21D102P6,具有超原子的壳层特性。本研究为小尺寸硼基团簇的空间结构构建提供了新策略,并为超原子家族引入了新成员。

    Three-dimensional (3D) boron configurations are scarce in small boron-based clusters. Herein, we employed the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to design a unique Oh-symmetric cubic Li8B6 structure, in which eight lithium atoms form a cubic framework centered by a B6 octahedron. This geometry exhibits exceptionally high stability. Its fragmentation energy (Ef), computed at the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPPD level, is 2.26 eV, at least 0.29 eV larger than that of adjacent lithium-boron complexes, such as Li6B6 (1.97 eV), Li7B6 (1.58 eV), Li9B6 (1.01 eV), and Li10B6 (1.65 eV). Moreover, a substantial energy gap of 2.36 eV (at PBE0 level) further contributes to its stability. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirm the structural integrity of this cluster remains even at 1000 K, underscoring its remarkable thermal robustness. NBO analysis reveals significant electron transfer from the lithium framework to the boron core, suggesting that the global minimum structure can be conceptually represented by the formula Li88+B68-. Detailed electronic analysis shows that this cluster exhibits superatomic character, with the electronic configuration of 1S21P62S21D102P6. Our findings propose a strategy for constructing spatial architectures in small boron-based clusters and introduce a new member to the superatomic family.

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