To address the long-standing bottlenecks of traditional short-wave sensing technologies, including the insurmountable sensitivity limit caused by Johnson-Nyquist thermal noise and the excessively bulky antenna size restricted by the Chu limit, as well as to further improve the measurement sensitivity of existing Rydberg atom sensing systems, this study focuses on developing a miniaturized multi-layer square spiral resonator for short-wave atomic sensing enhancement. The proposed resonator is designed based on the traditional metamaterial split-ring resonator (SRR) structure and integrates the miniaturization principle of ceramic laminated wound inductors. It is composed of stacked multi-layer square spirals connected to parallel metal plates via epitaxial metal arms, which not only realizes device miniaturization but also enables responsive capability to multi-polarized waves, with the optimal enhancement effect on right-hand circularly polarized (RCP) waves. Systematic multi-parameter coupling simulations are conducted to clarify the influence rules of key structural parameters—such as square spiral side length, cross-sectional area, number of spiral layers, resonator height, and connecting arm distance—on the resonant frequency and electric field enhancement performance, thus forming a complete optimization design method. For experimental validation, a physical prototype of the resonator is fabricated using brass, with nylon dielectric pillars added for structural stability and tuning screws integrated to compensate for frequency deviations caused by manufacturing errors. Experimental validation uses two-photon transition to prepare the 72D_5/2 Rydberg state of ¹³³Cs atoms, combined with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectroscopy and heterodyne measurements. Results demonstrate that at 15.54 MHz, the resonator achieves an electric field enhancement factor of 3981 (corresponding to 72 dB), boosting the system’s sensitivity from 10.39 μV·cm^–1·Hz^–1/2 to 2.60 nV·cm^–1·Hz^–1/2. Outdoor tests successfully receive the 13.85 MHz signal from China Radio International (CRI) via the heterodyne method, with the demodulated signal producing clear audio output without preprocessing. This miniaturized resonator enhances atom-electric field coupling, breaking through the limitations of traditional short-wave sensing and providing technical support for short-wave communication and direction-finding applications. Future work will optimize the structure to balance sensitivity and bandwidth.