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中国物理学会期刊

基于CTS/CNTs-OH的高性能织物压力传感器及其人体动作的深度学习识别

A High-Performance CTS/CNTs-OH Fabric Pressure Sensor and Its Deep Learning-Based Recognition of Human Motions

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  • 兼具高灵敏度、宽线性检测范围与优异稳定性的柔性压阻式压力传感器,在可穿戴电子设备与人机交互界面中具有重要的应用价值。然而,如何协同提升上述性能指标,仍是当前研究的挑战。为此,本文提出并制备了一种基于壳聚糖/羟基化碳纳米管(CTS/CNTs-OH)复合纤维织物的高性能柔性压力传感器。得益于壳聚糖固有的抗菌特性与羟基化碳纳米管的协同作用,该复合纤维织物及传感器具有优异的抗菌性能,可有效避免可穿戴场景下微生物滋生导致的传感器性能衰减与人体皮肤不适。通过优化电泳沉积工艺与织物叠层结构,该传感器表现出卓越的综合性能:其检测范围宽达100 kPa,最高灵敏度为0.151 kPa-1,且在宽压力范围内保持出色的线性度(R2>0.999)。在动态压力测试中,传感器展现出快速的响应时间(6 ms)与恢复时间(46 ms),并能够检测低至0.98 Pa的微小压力。经过在100 kPa压力下超过8000次的加载-卸载循环测试,其输出信号仍保持高度稳定,体现了良好的机械耐久性。在应用验证中,该传感器凭借优异的抗菌性能与传感性能,成功用于实时监测多种人体动作(如手腕弯曲、手指按压、呼吸监测等),有效适配长期可穿戴场景;同时结合卷积神经网络(CNN)深度学习模型,实现了对八类人体动作的高精度分类,整体识别准确率超过99%。本研究为开发高性能、可穿戴的柔性传感系统提供了一种有效的材料与结构设计策略,尤其适用于对生物相容性与抗菌性有要求的可穿戴电子领域。

    Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors integrating high sensitivity, broad linear detection range, and excellent stability are crucial for wearable electronics and human–machine interfaces. However, achieving a balanced improvement in these performance metrics remains a challenge. Herein, we propose and fabricate a high-performance flexible pressure sensor based on a chitosan/hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (CTS/CNTs-OH) composite fabric. Benefiting from the inherent antibacterial properties of chitosan and the synergistic effect with hydroxylated carbon nanotubes, the composite fabric and the sensor exhibit excellent antibacterial performance, which can effectively avoid sensor performance degradation and human skin discomfort caused by microbial growth in wearable scenarios. In addition, the chitosan-based fibrous network endows the sensor with good biocompatibility, breathability, and mechanical compliance, making it suitable for long-term skin-contact wearable applications. By optimizing the electrophoretic deposition process and the fabric layering structure, the sensor demonstrates outstanding overall performance: a broad detection range of up to 100 kPa, a maximum sensitivity of 0.151 kPa-1, and excellent linearity (R2>0.999) across a wide pressure range. Notably, the multilayer fabric architecture enables a continuous evolution of interfacial contact under external pressure, which contributes to the simultaneous achievement of high sensitivity and a wide linear sensing range. Under dynamic pressure testing, the sensor exhibits fast response (6 ms) and recovery (46 ms) times, and it is capable of detecting subtle pressures as low as 0.98 Pa. Such rapid response characteristics allow the sensor to accurately capture both static and dynamic mechanical stimuli associated with human motions. The sensor maintains highly stable electrical output after more than 8000 loading-unloading cycles at 100 kPa, confirming its remarkable mechanical durability. For practical demonstrations, relying on its excellent antibacterial and sensing properties, the sensor was successfully employed for real-time monitoring of various human motions. Combined with a deep learning model based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), it achieved high-accuracy classification of eight types of human activities, with an overall recognition accuracy exceeding 99%. These results highlight the strong compatibility between the proposed sensor and data-driven intelligent recognition algorithms. This work provides an effective material and structural design strategy for developing high-performance, wearable flexible sensing systems, especially suitable for the wearable electronics field requiring biocompatibility and antibacterial properties.

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