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中国物理学会期刊

Mn3Sn/Py异质结室温可逆交换偏置调控研究

Room-Temperature Reversible Exchange Bias in Mn3Sn/Py Heterostructures

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  • 交换偏置(exchange bias,EB)效应源于铁磁/反铁磁异质结界面自旋交换耦合,是实现磁存储单元稳定参考态和降低磁隧道结功耗的关键.然而,传统基于共线反铁磁体的EB异质结普遍存在工作温度受限、偏置场调控依赖热循环且灵活性不足等问题.具有Kagome晶格的拓扑非共线反铁磁体(Mn3X,X=Sn,Ge,Ga等)由于其内禀时间反演对称性破缺、局域自旋分裂、超快动力学及近零杂散场特性,是突破传统EB异质结瓶颈的理想载体.本文聚焦非共线反铁磁体Mn3Sn,通过直流磁控溅射技术在MgO衬底上成功制备出高质量Mn3Sn/坡莫合金(Py,NiFe)异质结.实验结果表明,室温下施加外磁场即可实现EB的可逆调控,偏置场Bex可达±1.6mT,并可由场冷(field cooling,FC)过程建立的层间耦合状态进行重置.本文通过制备高质量的Mn3Sn/Py异质结,在室温、无热循环条件下,实现了基于拓扑非共线反铁磁体/铁磁EB效应的可逆调控,为开发高集成、低功耗的反铁磁自旋电子器件提供了新的材料载体与物理路径.

    The exchange bias (EB) effect originates from interfacial spin exchange coupling in ferromagnet/antiferromagnet heterostructures and is a key mechanism for stabilizing the reference state of magnetic memory units and reducing the power consumption of magnetic tunnel junctions. However, traditional EB systems based on collinear antiferromagnets generally suffer from limited operating temperatures, and the regulation of the bias field relies on thermal cycling with insufficient flexibility. Topological noncollinear antiferromagnets (Mn3X, X = Sn, Ge, Ga, etc.) with Kagome lattice structures possess intrinsic time-reversal symmetry breaking, local spin splitting, ultrafast dynamics, and nearly zero stray fields, making them ideal candidates for overcoming the limitations of conventional EB systems. This work focuses on EB effect based on the noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn. High-quality Mn3Sn was deposited on an MgO (111) single-crystal substrate by direct-current magnetron sputtering, followed by the deposition of Permalloy (Py, NiFe) to establish AFM/FM interfacial coupling. The surface roughness, crystal structure and topological-like Hall effect (THE) of Mn3Sn were characterized by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and magneto-electric transport measurements in the temperature range of 180-300 K. Such heterostructures reveal a stable EB effect at room-temperature, with Bex ≈ -1.6 mT under zero-field cooling and Bex ≈ +1.8 mT after field cooling under +5 T (from 400K to 300K). Particularly, reversible switching of the EB direction could be achieved simply by applying an isothermal in-plane magnetic field of ±5 T at 300 K, giving Bex ≈ ±1.6mT without thermal cycling. In addition, the interlayer coupling state preset by field cooling can be completely overwritten by a reversed isothermal magnetic field at room temperature. This behavior originates from the field-induced reorientation of the noncollinear antiferromagnetic Néel order in Mn3Sn, which reconstructs the interfacial exchange coupling and reverses the hysteresis-loop shift of the Py layer. The above results suggest that reversible control of the EB effect in a topological noncollinear antiferromagnet/ferromagnet system can be achieved at room temperature without thermal cycling, providing a new platform for develop novel low-power antiferromagnetic spintronic devices.

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