BiVO4 powders with different morphologies and structures were synthesized by hydrothermal method by controlling the nBi/nV，reaction temperature，reaction time and pH value. Xray diffraction，transmission electron microscope，scanning electron microscope，Raman，Fourier transform infrared and ultravioletvisible absorbance spectroscopy were used to characterize the products. The results showed that highly crystalline monoclinic scheelite structure of BiVO4 was obtained through increasing the nBi/nV or the pH value. By controlling different reaction temperature and reaction time，monoclinic scheelite structure BiVO4 with different grain sizes and different internal structures were obtained. Besides，BiVO4 with different morphologies can be controlably synthesized when using different surfactants.