Localized surface plasmon (LSP) of nanoparticles has become one of the world's research hotspots due to its novel optical properties. Based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), this paper studies the physical nature of plasmon excitation which is modulated in metal clusters and graphene nanostructures. Compared with the plasmon in the macroscopic material, the plasmon in nanostructures has some different properties due to the effects of the size and the dimensional confinement. In lower-energy resonance zone, the spectral band is greatly broadened, and the photoabsorption strength line splits. Because of the electromagnetic coupling between the nano-monomers, aggregated nanostructures exhibit different optical properties. For plasmon regulation and control, these results provide a solid theoretical guidance.