Enhancing crystallization and photovoltaic performance of CsPbIBr<sub>2</sub> perovskite through p-aminobenzoic acid

MENG Fanning; WANG Fang; CHENG Long; SUN Zhiyan; WANG Guiqiang

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250184

Abstract

Inorganic CsPbIBr₂ perovskite features high phase stability and light absorption coefficient, making it suitable for the development of perovskite tandem cells or semi-transparent cells. High-quality CsPbIBr₂ perovskite films are of crucial importance for fabricating efficient solar cells. However, compared with CsPbI₃ and CsPbI₂Br, the CsPbIBr₂ precursor has poor crystallinity and low film coverage, which is prone to generating pinholes and defects. Therefore, serious charge recombination often occurs inside the devices. To solve this problem, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is added to the CsPbIBr₂ precursor to regulate its crystallization dynamics in this work. Electrostatic potential distribution of PABA shows that the electron-rich regions (negative charge regions) are mainly located near the C=O. Fourier transform infrared spectrum indicates the existence of coordination interaction between C=O and Pb²⁺ and the formation of hydrogen bonds between —NH₂ and halide anions. Ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum demonstrate that a new intermediate phase, PABA·Pb···Br(I), is formed between PABA molecules and the components of CsPbIBr₂ precursor. The formation of this intermediate phase slows down the crystallization rate of the perovskite, regulates the grain growth, and enables the preparation of dense perovskite films. XRD, UV-Vis, space charge limited current, and linear sweep voltammetry are used to characterize the film quality. After the addition of PABA, the film quality of CsPbIBr₂ perovskite is improved. Thus, the light absorption is enhanced. The defect density is reduced. And the conductivity is increased. The efficiency of the champion cell increases to 10.65% compared with that of the control cell (8.76%). Further, dark current-voltage curves, Mott-Schottky curves, electrochemical impedance spectra, and photoluminescence spectra are utilized to analyze the reasons for the improved photovoltaic performance. After the addition of PABA, the CsPbIBr₂ device exhibits reduced leakage current, enhanced built-in electric field, suppressed charge recombination, and improved charge extraction at the interface. In addition to the enhancement in photovoltaic efficiency, the PABA-regulated perovskite cells also exhibit high stability. After being stored in air for 1500 h, the average efficiency of the unencapsulated cells remains 80% of the initial value.

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Corresponding author: MENG Fanning, mfn@qymail.bhu.edu.cn ; WANG Guiqiang, wgqiang@bhu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Staring Foundation for the Doctor of Bohai University, China (Grant No. 0523bs044).

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电池结构	J_SC/(mA·cm^–2)	V_OC/V	FF/%	PCE/%	Ref.
ITO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	11.87	1.312	68.4	10.65	本文
FTO/SnO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	9.23	1.08	60	5.95	[32]
ITO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/CuSCN/Carbon	10.01	1.19	60	7.17	[33]
ITO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Ti₃C₂Cl_x/Carbon	11.56	1.29	69.93	10.43	[34]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/GQDs/Carbon	11.93	1.25	65.4	9.8	[35]
ITO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	11.64	1.31	67	10.23	[36]
ITO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	11.69	1.29	66.97	10.10	[37]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	11.25	1.32	71.9	10.68	[12]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/DES/Carbon	9.2	1.24	61.5	7.04	[38]
FTO/TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	11.67	1.24	70	10.13	[39]
FTO/TiO₂/ET/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	11.63	1.325	72.23	11.13	[40]
FTO/TiO₂/PPC-CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	10.25	1.25	57.5	7.36	[41]
ITO/TiO₂/ODTC-CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	11.48	1.30	68	10.15	[13]
FTO/TiO₂/m-TiO₂/PTU-CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	11.28	1.26	71	10.09	[42]
FTO/Li:TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	10.01	1.26	64	8.09	[43]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂-SAM/Carbon	11.81	1.317	71.1	11.06	[44]
FTO/TiO₂/Cd-CsPbIBr₂/carbon	11.53	1.324	69.63	10.63	[45]
FTO/TiO₂/PMMA/CsPbIBr₂/carbon	11.36	1.307	62	9.21	[46]
FTO/TiO₂/MAAc/CsPbIBr₂/carbon	10.86	1.26	64.56	8.85	[47]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/P3HT:PC₆₁BM/Carbon	11.79	1.31	74.47	11.54	[48]
FTO/TiO₂/CsPbIBr₂/Carbon	10.88	1.08	64	7.52	[49]

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Vol. 74, Issue 12 - 2025-06-20

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