SUO Yuhang; SHEN Xiaozhi; QI Qi; ZHANG Huaming

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250448

Abstract

The channel plasma characteristics of an artificially triggered lightning in Guangdong, China, are analyzed using slit-free spectroscopy technology. Based on spectral diagnostic methods, the maximum and minimum values of the triggered lightning channel current are determined to be about 30.9 kA and 25.6 kA (minimum), respectively, and the current is simulated using a modified transmission line model with linear current decay (MTLL). To investigate the electric field distribution, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and transmission line (TL) model are employed. At a distance of 58 m, assuming a return stroke velocity of 1.3 × 10⁸ m/s, the TL-predicted radiation electric field deviates from experimental electric field, but is very close to the FDTD-simulation of the vertical electric field. Moreover, the analyses of magnetic fields at 58 m, 90 m, and 1.6 km are compared using FDTD simulations, dipole approximation, and charge magnetic field limit (CMFL) estimation. The discrepancies between calculated value and experimental values appear at 58 m and 90 m, which may be due to the near-field interference and measurement limitation. However, they become small at 1.6 km. This work is helpful for the study of lightning electromagnetic field properties and spectral diagnosis.

Keywords:

artificially triggered lightning /
spectroscopic diagnostics /
finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method /
channel current /
electromagnetic field

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: SHEN Xiaozhi, shenxz@tjnu.edu.cn ; ZHANG Huaming, zhanghuaming980@163.com

Funds: Project supported by the Open Research Program of Key Laboratory of Lightning Protection, China Meteorological Administration (Grant Nos. 2024KELL-B012, 2022LASWB21) and the Lightning Observation Research Project of Wutai Mountain Cloud Physics Base, Shanxi Meteorological Bureau, China (Grant No. SXKZDDW20217103).

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Cited By

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

	峰值电流/kA		距离/m	电场/(kV·m^–1)
类型	$i_{\text{p}}^{{\text{min}}}$	$i_{\text{p}}^{{\text{max}}}$	D	TL model		FDTD
类型	$i_{\text{p}}^{{\text{min}}}$	$i_{\text{p}}^{{\text{max}}}$	D	E_rad (v₁)^c	E_rad (v₂)^c	E_z	E_r
本文工作	25.6	30.9	38	18.2—21.9	33.6—40.7
			58	11.9—14.4	22.0—26.7	10.1—12.0	0.9—1.0
			78	8.8—10.7	16.4—19.8
			90	7.7—9.2	14.2—17.2
			102	6.7—8.2	12.5—15.1
			1000	0.4—0.7	1.3—1.5
			1600	0.4—0.5	0.8—0.9
			2200	0.3—0.4	0.6—0.7
Cai 2021^a	12.0	23.6	58	12.6—35.7
Qie 2007^b	11.9		60	18.0
注: ^{a, b} 引自文献[41]与[44]. ^c $v_1= 1.3\times10^8 $ m/s; ^d $v_2= 2.5\times10^8 $ m/s.

DownLoad: CSV

	波长/nm	跃迁率	$ {E}_{k}/{{\mathrm{c}}{\mathrm{m}}}^{-1} $	谱线跃迁
	波长/nm	跃迁率	$ {E}_{k}/{{\mathrm{c}}{\mathrm{m}}}^{-1} $	上能级	下能级
N I	493.5	1.76×10⁶	106477	2s²2p²(³P)4p $\rm{}^2P^\circ_{1/2}$	2s²2p²(³P)3s ²P_3/2
N I	528.1	2.45×10⁵	107037	2s²2p²(³P)4p $\rm {}^4P^\circ_{1/2} $	2s2p⁴ ⁴P_5/2
N II	417.6	1.21×10⁸	210732	2s²2p4f F(5/2)₃	2s²2p3d $\rm{}^1D^\circ_2 $
N II	447.8	6.44×10⁶	188909	2s²2p3d $\rm{}^3P^\circ_1 $	2s²2p3d $\rm{}^1D^\circ_2 $
N II	498.7	6.98×10⁷	188937	2s²2p3d $\rm{}^3P^\circ_0 $	2s²2p3p ³S₁
N II	524.1	6.2×10⁵	221246	2s²2p5d $\rm{}^1P^\circ_1 $	2s²2p4p ¹P₁
N II	568.0	1.78×10⁷	166521	2s²2p3p ³D₁	2s²2p3s $\rm{}^3P^\circ_2 $

DownLoad: CSV

	实验峰值电流/kA		距离/m	磁场/μT
类型	$i_{\text{p}}^{{\text{min}}}$	$i_{\text{p}}^{{\text{max}}}$	D	FDTD	偶极子方法	B_Q 估算
本文工作	25.6	30.9	38			95.3—115.3
			58	82.6—98.5	69.8—84.3	62.4—75.5
			78			46.4—56.2
			90	68.1—77.0	44.6—53.8	40.2—48.7
			102			35.5—42.9
			1000			3.6—4.4
			1600	2.3—2.8	2.3—2.7	2.3—2.8
			2200			1.6—2.0
实验测量
Cai^[2]	13.0		58	137.8
			90	84.9
			1600	1.4
Qie^[8]	28.1		60	66.3

DownLoad: CSV

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Vol. 74, Issue 14 - 2025-07-20

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