This paper presents a design method for frequency-phase composite reconfigurable metasurfaces. N PIN diodes are introduced into the metasurface unit. The on-off states of these PIN diodes regulate the resonance characteristics of the unit, constructing 2N switchable reflection phase states. After optimizing structural parameters, these reflection phase curves show 180° phase differences in different frequency bands. By leveraging frequency and phase regulation, the operational bandwidth of reconfigurable phase-shifting metasurfaces is effectively expanded. Based on this method, an ultra-wideband 1-bit phase-shifting metasurface unit is designed. Its 1-bit phase regulation band covers 5.4GHz–13.0 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 82.6%. Lumped capacitors are introduced and their positions are optimized to precisely adjust current distribution, enabling low-loss performance of the unit. With a thickness of only 0.09λ, the unit features low profile, low cost, and low loss. A 16×16 unit array is further constructed. Through coding regulation, it generates scattering-controllable beams and orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves. Experimental results show that the metasurface achieves over 10 dB radar cross section (RCS) reduction in the ultra-wideband range, demonstrating dynamic beam steering capability and high-efficiency low-scattering performance. This design provides new insights for applying reconfigurable metasurfaces in broadband communication, radar stealth, and intelligent electromagnetic environment regulation.
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