LIAO Jiawei; YANG Huanhuan; LI Tong; JI Kefeng; ZHANG Zhiyun; WU Tianhao; ZOU Jing; SUN Daifei

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250636

Abstract

In this paper, a design method is presented for frequency-phase composite reconfigurable metasurfaces. N PIN diodes are introduced into the metasurface unit. The on-off states of these PIN diodes regulate the resonance characteristics of the unit, constructing 2^N switchable reflection phase states. After optimizing structural parameters, these reflection phase curves show that there is a 180° phase difference between different frequency bands. By regulating frequency and phase regulation, the operational bandwidth of reconfigurable phase-shifting metasurface is effectively expanded. Based on this method, an ultra-wideband 1-bit phase-shifting metasurface unit is designed. Its 1-bit phase regulation band covers 5.4–13.0 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 82.6%. Lumped capacitors are adopted and their positions are optimized to precisely adjust current distribution, enabling low-loss performance of the unit. The unit with a thickness of only 0.09 λ features low profile, low cost, and low loss. A 16×16 unit array is further constructed. Through coding regulation, the metasurface can generate scattering-controllable beams and orbital angular momentum vortex waves. Experimental results show that the metasurface can achieve a radar cross section reduction of over 10 dB in the ultra-wideband range, demonstrating dynamic beam steering capability and high-efficiency low-scattering performance. This design offers new insights into applying reconfigurable metasurfaces to broadband communication, radar stealth, and intelligent electromagnetic environment regulation.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: YANG Huanhuan, jianye8901@126.com ; LI Tong, tongli8811@sina.com ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62371466, 62401618, 62171460) and the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 2024JC-ZDXM-39, 2025JC-YBMS-708, 20220104, 2020022).

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文献	调控类型	调控频带/GHz	相对带宽/%	射频介质层数	厚度	单元大小
[27]	相位	12.9—16.5	23.8	2	0.12λ	0.47λ×0.47λ
[28]	相位	6.75—11.25	50	1	0.066λ	0.30λ×0.30λ
[29]	相位	7.3—13.9	62.3	2	0.14λ	0.35λ×0.35λ
[30]	相位	5.2—9.4	57.5	2	0.13λ	0.44λ×0.44λ
[31]	相位	2.75—6.0	74.3	2	0.17λ	0.27λ×0.27λ
本文	相位+频率	5.4—13.0	82.6	1	0.09λ	0.38λ×0.38λ

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Vol. 74, Issue 18 - 2025-09-20

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