Magnetocaloric properties of additively manufacturing La(Fe, Si)<sub>1</sub><sub>3</sub>-based gradient alloys with wide temperature range

XIE Longlong; QIN Yazhou; SUN Jiayi; QIAO Kaiming; LIU Jian; ZHANG Hu

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20251317

Abstract

Magnetic refrigeration technology, featuring environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and high performance, is recognized as a next-generation refrigeration technology with the potential to replace gas compression refrigeration technology. However, current magnetic refrigeration materials typically exhibit an excessively narrow phase transition temperature range (≤10 K), thus necessitating the stacking of materials with multiple compositions to meet the practical refrigeration temperature span. In this study, the typical La(Fe, Si)₁₃-based magnetic refrigeration material is selected, and an innovative gradient laser powder bed fusion technology is adopted to obtain 3D-print La_0.70Ce_0.30Fe_11.65–xMn_xSi_1.35 alloys with horizontal compositional gradients (where the Mn content varies continuously from 0 to 0.64). Systematic characterization of their microstructures, magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effects indicates that this technology enables a controllable gradient distribution of compositions along the powder bed plane and high-throughput preparation, thereby achieving a continuous variation of the Curie temperature of the gradient alloy over a wide temperature range from 134 K to 174 K. With the increase of Mn content, the phase transition of the alloy gradually changes from a weak first-order phase transition to a second-order phase transition, and the peak shape of the magnetic entropy change curve shifts from “sharp and high” to “broad and flat”. The full width at half maximum of the temperature range is extended to 83.3 K, allowing the gradient alloy to maintain high refrigeration capacity (RC ~130 J/kg, 3 T) at all time. This study breaks through the bottlenecks of traditional material preparation and performance via gradient additive manufacturing, providing a novel technical pathway for achieving high-throughput preparation and performance optimization of magnetic refrigeration materials.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: LIU Jian, liujian@shu.edu.cn ; ZHANG Hu, zhanghu@ustb.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB3501204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52171169, 52101210), the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, China (Grant No. 2023-ZD01), the Concept Verification Support Program of University of Science and Technology Beijing, China (Grant No. GNYZ-2024-6), and the Open Project of Sino-Foreign Humanities Exchange Research on Science, Technology and Civilization of University of Science and Technology Beijing, China (Grant Nos. 2024KFZD001, 2024KFYB004).

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Vol. 74, Issue 23 - 2025-12-05

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