XIAO Fan; WANG Xiaowei; WANG Li; WANG Jiacan; SUN Xu; ZHENG Zhigang; FAN Xiaohui; ZHANG Dongwen; ZHAO Zengxiu

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250135

Abstract

The spatial chirp based single-shot pump-probe technique represents a pivotal technology for studying electron non-equilibrium dynamics in warm dense matter created with intense laser pulses. Notably, its time resolution can reach tens of femtoseconds. In this work, we introduce the single-shot measurement technique of ac conductivity of warm dense matter, as well as a detailed account of the experimental setup. In addition, the main factors limiting the time resolution of the system are discussed in depth. We show the system can achieve a resolution of 13.8 femtoseconds. Nevertheless, during practical application, several aspects, namely the calibration of the zero-delay, the depth of field of the imaging system, and the low-pass filtering effect inherent in the imaging system, will exert a substantial influence on the time-resolution. This research has important reference for enhancing the time accuracy of single-shot measurement of ac conductivity of warm dense matter. Moreover, it serves as a potent tool for the in-depth study of the ultrafast dynamic processes of materials under strong-field conditions.

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Corresponding author: WANG Xiaowei, xiaowei.wang@nudt.edu.cn ; ZHAO Zengxiu, zhaozengxiu@nudt.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12234020, 12450403, 12374263).

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系统物理量	误差来源	依赖关系	典型值
系统时间分辨率$ \Delta \tau $	泵浦光脉宽$ {\tau }_{1} $	$ \Delta \tau =\sqrt{{\tau }_{1}^{2}+{\tau }_{2}^{2}+{\left(\chi {{\Delta }}x\right)}^{2}} $	$ {\tau }_{1}=9.7\;{\mathrm{fs}}; {\tau }_{2}=5\;{\mathrm{fs}} $ $ \chi =2.1\;{\mathrm{fs/μm}}, $ $ \Delta x=4\;\text{μm},\; \Delta \tau =13.8\;{\mathrm{fs}} $
	探测光脉宽$ {\tau }_{2} $
	成像系统分辨率$ \Delta x $
延时零点标定误差$ \Delta {\tau }_{0} $	融石英片厚度$ L $	$ \Delta {\tau }_{0}[{\mathrm{fs}}]\approx 0.42 L\;[\text{μm}] $	$ L=30\text{ μm},\; \Delta {\tau }_{0}=12.7\;{\mathrm{fs}} $
透射延时零点定位误差$ \Delta {\tau }_{\rm 0T} $	成像定位精度$ d $	$ {\Delta \tau }_{\rm 0T}\left[{\mathrm{fs}}\right]\approx -0.72 d\left[\text{μm}\right] $,	$ d=35\text{ μm}, \; \Delta {\tau }_{\rm 0T}=25.2\;{\mathrm{fs}} $
反射延时零点定位误差$ \Delta {\tau }_{\rm 0R} $	成像定位精度$ d $	$ {\Delta \tau }_{\rm 0R} \left[{\mathrm{fs}}\right]\approx 0.038 d\left[\text{μm}\right] $	$ d=35\text{ μm} ,\; \Delta {\tau }_{\rm 0T}=1.33\;{\mathrm{fs}} $
动力学突变的时间分辨率$ \Delta {\tau }_{{\mathrm{f}}} $	成像系统数值孔径$ NA $	$ \Delta {\tau }_{{\mathrm{f}}}\propto {1}/{{{NA}}} $	$ {{NA}}=0.1 ,\; \Delta {\tau }_{{\mathrm{f}}} > 20\;{\mathrm{fs}} $

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