ZHAO Shuaifu; ZHONG Facheng; YU Qunxing; YANG Tian; SHAO Li; YU Zhanjun; LI Yan

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250508

Abstract

Optical encryption technologies show significant potential applications in information security due to their advantages of parallel processing, large capacity, and low power consumption. Polarization, as an important degree of freedom of light, has attracted extensive research interest in optical encryption through polarization manipulation and multiplexing. However, current polarization control methods based on pixelated or interleaved metasurfaces still face significant challenges, including fabrication complexity and inevitable crosstalk caused by coupling between the neighboring structures, which limits the number of achievable multiplexing channels. A novel encryption method featuring longitudinal variability and cascaded polarization structures realized by metalenses with vectorial foci is proposed in this work. The intensity distributions on different observation planes are simulated using the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral. Based on the geometric phase principle, the designed metalens consisting of TiO₂ nanopillars with identical dimensions but spatially variant orientation angles, can generate multiple vectorial foci in different observation planes, reconstructing cascaded polarization structures. Here, any two cascaded polarization structures are encoded with mutually orthogonal polarization rotation angles. As the polarization direction of incident linearly polarized light changes, the polarization distribution encoded on the polarization structures can be dynamically modulated, consequently enabling ten-channel information encryption through polarization-dependent intensity redistribution. The encrypted information can only be decoded using the correct keys (incident wavelength, incident polarization state, output light polarization state, and observation position). This method integrates polarization rotation, polarization structure design, and longitudinal/cascaded control, significantly enhancing information capacity and security. It offers promising applications across various fields, such as optical display, encryption, and anti-counterfeiting.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: ZHONG Facheng, zfc@zua.edu.cn ; LI Yan, yanli@zua.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Key Research Projects of Colleges and Universities of Henan Province, China (Grant No. 23ZX018), the Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Henan Province, China (Grant Nos. 252102211125, 242102230072, 242102520007, 252102230076, 242102240087), the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Plan for University Students, China (Grant Nos. 202410485056, 202410485041), the Scientific Research Team Plan of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, China (Grant No. 24ZHTD01002), and the Key Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province, China (Grant No. 25B140011).

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文献	相关技术	信息容量	密钥	超表面
[51]	超表面波带片远场偏振全息加密	2通道	偏振+二维码	D = 3000 μm, 单元结构不详
[37]	纳米印刷超表面近场反射的显示加密	4通道	振幅+偏振+波长	尺寸不详, 两种尺寸的单元结构
[24]	基于超构透镜偏振、色散操控的偏振数字加密	10通道	偏振+波长	D = 360 μm, 单一尺寸的单元结构
This work	基于超构透镜的纵向可变、级联偏振结构加密	10通道	偏振+波长+位置	D = 360 μm, 单一尺寸的单元结构

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Vol. 74, Issue 17 - 2025-09-05

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