Three-dimensional ultrasounds modulated solidification microstructure and mechanical property of (FeCoNiCrMn)<sub>92</sub>Mo<sub>8</sub> high-entropy alloy

WU Hao; WANG Xu; WANG Jianyuan; ZHAI Wei; WEI Bingbo

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250657

Abstract

Three-dimensional ultrasonic waves with amplitudes of 14, 18, and 22 μm, respectively, are used during the solidification of (FeCoNiCrMn)₉₂Mo₈ high-entropy alloy, and its microstructural evolution and mechanical property are investigated in this work. Under static condition, the solidification microstructure is composed of primary γ phase dendrites with FCC structure and stripe-shaped σ phase with tetragonal structure. As the ultrasonic amplitude increases, the mean transient cavitation intensity rises to trigger off a significant nucleation rate increase of the primary γ phase to 5.6 × 10¹² m^–3·s^–1, leading to the remarkable grain size reduction by two orders of magnitude. The maximum and the average acoustic streaming velocity increase simultaneously, which accelerates atomic diffusion at the liquid/solid interface, reducing Cr content in the primary γ phase from 18.6% to 13.1% and Mo content from 6.8% to 3.4% (atomic percent). This atomic redistribution subsequently causes the liquid composition to approach the eutectic point and facilitate the formation of (γ + σ) eutectic, which accounts for more than 50% volume fraction. The two eutectic phases exhibit a semi-coherent interface relationship characterized by [110]_γ//[110]_σ and $(1\bar1\bar 1) $_γ//$(\overline110) $_σ. Furthermore, due to the gradual enrichment of Cr atoms in the remaining liquid phase, a small quantity of metastable μ phases with Cr content up to 62.3% form in the final microstructure. The maximum compressive yield strength of the ultrasonically solidified microstructure reaches 876.2 MPa, almost twice that of static solidification microstructure, and the compressive strain reaches 33.2%. The formation of (γ + σ) eutectic is the main factor that increases the yield strength of alloy by 527.1 MPa.

Keywords:

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Corresponding author: ZHAI Wei, zhaiwei322@nwpu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52130405, 52088101) and the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2023-JC-JQ-28).

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参数	数值	参考文献
初始气泡半径 R₀/μm	3	[5,31]
初始气泡密度 N/m^–3	1.9×10⁹	[5]
密度 ρ_L/(kg·m^–3)	8230	CALPHAD
黏度 η_L/(Pa·s)	8.2×10^–3	CALPHAD
声速 c_L/(m·s^–1)	5170	[5]
表面张力 σ_L/(N·m^–1)	1.5	CALPHAD
石墨铸模密度 ρ_m/(kg·m^–3)	1820	[5]
石墨铸模声速 c_m/(m·s^–1)	3000	[5]

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参数	数值	参考文献
合金体积变化 ∆V/(cm³·mol^–1)	0.26	[35]
合金熔化焓 ∆H/( J·mol^–1)	12982	CALPHAD
润湿角因子 f(θ)	0.0001	[36]
γ 相摩尔体积 V_m/(cm³·mol^–1)	7.80	[35]
γ 相摩尔焓变 ∆H_m/(J·mol^–1)	13297	CALPHAD

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符号	数值	参考文献
剪切模量G₀/GPa	81.3	[42,45]
拟合系数Z	0.0074	[42]
γ 枝晶Hall-Petch系数 k_y/(MPa·μm^1/2)	497	[43,44,46]
共晶Hall-Petch系数 k_h/(MPa·μm^1/2)	750	[43,44,47–49]
共晶层片间距λ/μm	0.9	本文统计
γ 相体积分数f_γ/%	91.2, 77.4, 68.4, 35.4	本文统计
共晶体积分数f_eu/%	0, 22.6, 31.6, 58.8	本文统计
初生相平均尺寸d/μm	7622, 656, 537, 45	本文统计

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	静态	A_3D = 14 μm	A_3D = 18 μm	A_3D = 22 μm
晶格摩擦	210.0	210.0	210.0	210.0
固溶强化	109.3	95.0	89.2	47.0
细晶强化	5.7	19.4	21.5	27.0
σ相强化	70.4	—	—	—
共晶强化	—	202.6	283.3.	527.1
理论计算屈服强度	415.4	547.0	624.0	831.1
实际屈服强度	442.6	605.6	677.4	876.2

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