ZHANG Yapeng; ZHENG Yujie; TANG Jingwen; SHI Shuai; ZHOU Yanli; LIU Weitao

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20251237

Abstract

This work investigates nonequilibrium phase transitions in a Rydberg atomic system under collective dissipation. By combining mean-field theory and Liouvillian spectral analysis, we reveal novel nonequilibrium phases induced by collective dissipation and compare the results from both approaches. Our findings indicate that collective dissipation not only generates interatomic correlations but also sustains persistent periodic oscillations and a unique bistable form, in which the system may evolve to a steady state or sustain self-consistent oscillatory dynamics. This study highlights the rich nonequilibrium phenomena present in quantum many-body systems and provides an extensible spectral framework for exploring dissipative phases in Rydberg and related systems.Recent experiments have reported persistent oscillations in thermal Rydberg atomic ensembles, yet the theoretical consensus on their origin remains elusive. Motivated by these observations, we introduce a collective dissipation mechanism and employ both mean-field approximations and the Liouvillian spectrum method to systematically explore nonequilibrium phase transitions. Our results show that the collective dissipation effectively induces interatomic correlations and sustains persistent periodic oscillations, in which under the same parameters, independent dissipation leads the system to relax to a stationary state. Furthermore, the nonlinear effects arising from collective dissipation give rise to a novel type of bistability, in which the system can converge to a fixed point or maintain self-consistent periodic oscillations. This mechanism is clearly different from the traditional bistability induced by Rydberg interactions, which involves two steady states. Moreover, the Liouvillian spectral method, based on the quantum master equation, successfully captures the features of nonequilibrium phase transitions even in finite-dimensional systems, and the results accord well with those obtained from mean-field approximation in the thermodynamic limit.Our work not only provides a theoretical explanation for recently observed oscillatory phenomena but also predicts novel bistable states and rich nonequilibrium phase structures. It further verifies the effectiveness of the Liouvillian spectroscopic method in studying quantum many-body systems, making significant contributions to understanding the microscopic mechanisms underlying nonequilibrium phase transitions.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: ZHOU Yanli, ylzhou@nudt.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12574553, 62275270), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2023JJ30626), the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2025ZYJ001), and the Cornerstone Foundation of National University of Defense Technology, China (Grant No. JS24-01).

FullText HTML

References

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
[39]
[40]
[41]
[42]
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
[53]
[54]
[55]

Cited By

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
[39]
[40]
[41]
[42]
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
[53]
[54]
[55]

[1]	XIAO Dongping, CHEN Ling, YAN Sheng, WANG Hao, XU Xianli, PAN Feng, WEN Dongyang, ZHANG Huaiqing. Regulation of Stark effect in Rydberg atoms by AC and DC electric fields’ and measurement of power-frequency strong fields. Acta Physica Sinica, 2025, 74(24): 243201. doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250677
[2]	LI Fang. Microwave-to-optics conversion characteristics based on four-wave mixing of Rydberg atoms at room temperature. Acta Physica Sinica, 2025, 74(16): 164209. doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250706
[3]	CAI Ting, HE Jun, LIU Zhihui, LIU Yao, SU Nan, SHI Pengfei, JIN Gang, CHENG Yongjie, WANG Junmin. Rydberg atomic spectroscopy based on nanosecond pulsed laser excitation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2025, 74(1): 013201. doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20240900
[4]	DING Chao, HU Shanshan, DENG Song, SONG Hongtian, ZHANG Ying, WANG Baoshuai, YAN Sheng, XIAO Dongping, ZHANG Huaiqing. Rydberg atom electric field based quantum measurement method and polarization influence analysis. Acta Physica Sinica, 2025, 74(4): 043201. doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20241362
[5]	Zhang Xue-Chao, Qiao Jia-Hui, Liu Yao, Su Nan, Liu Zhi-Hui, Cai Ting, He Jun, Zhao Yan-Ting, Wang Jun-Min. Measurement of low-frequency electric field waveform by Rydberg atom-based sensor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(7): 070201. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231778
[6]	Liu Zhi-Hui, Liu Xiao-Na, He Jun, Liu Yao, Su Nan, Cai Ting, Du Yi-Jie, Wang Jie-Ying, Pei Dong-Liang, Wang Jun-Min. Tune-out wavelengths of Rydberg atoms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(13): 130701. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240397
[7]	Wang Xin, Ren Fei-Fan, Han Song, Han Hai-Yan, Yan Dong. Perfect optomechanically induced transparency and slow light in an Rydberg atom-assisted optomechanical system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(9): 094203. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222264
[8]	Liu Yao, He Jun, Su Nan, Cai Ting, Liu Zhi-Hui, Diao Wen-Ting, Wang Jun-Min. A 509 nm pulsed laser system for Rydberg excitation of cesium atoms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(6): 060303. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222286
[9]	Wang Qin-Xia, Wang Zhi-Hui, Liu Yan-Xin, Guan Shi-Jun, He Jun, Zhang Peng-Fei, Li Gang, Zhang Tian-Cai. Cavity-enhanced spectra of hot Rydberg atoms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(8): 087801. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230039
[10]	Bai Jian-Nan, Han Song, Chen Jian-Di, Han Hai-Yan, Yan Dong. Correlated collective excitation and quantum entanglement between two Rydberg superatoms in steady state. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(12): 124202. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222030
[11]	Gao Jie, Hang Chao. Deflection and manipulation of weak optical solitons by non-Hermitian electromagnetically induced gratings in Rydberg atoms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(13): 133202. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220456
[12]	Wu Feng-Chuan, Lin Yi, Wu Bo, Fu Yun-Qi. Response characteristics of radio frequency pulse of Rydberg atoms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(20): 207402. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220972
[13]	Zhao Jia-Dong, Zhang Hao, Yang Wen-Guang, Zhao Jing-Hua, Jing Ming-Yong, Zhang Lin-Jie. Deceleration of optical pulses based on electromagnetically induced transparency of Rydberg atoms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(10): 103201. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210102
[14]	Gao Xiao-Ping, Liang Jing-Rui, Liu Tang-Kun, Li Hong, Liu Ji-Bing. Manipulation of transmission properties of a ladder-four-level Rydberg atomic system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(11): 113201. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20202077
[15]	Yan Dong, Wang Bin-Bin, Bai Wen-Jie, Liu Bing, Du Xiu-Guo, Ren Chun-Nian. Phase in Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(8): 084203. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20181938
[16]	Liu Rui-Fen, Hui Zhi-Xin, Xiong Ke-Zhao, Zeng Chun-Hua. Correlated noise induced non-equilibrium phase transition in surface catalytic reaction model. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(16): 160501. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180250
[17]	Zhang Qin-Rong, Wang Bin-Bin, Zhang Meng-Long, Yan Dong. Two-body entanglement in a dilute gas of Rydberg atoms. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(3): 034202. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20172052
[18]	Shen Ya-Jun, Guo Yong-Feng, Xi Bei. Steady state characteristics in FHN neural system driven by correlated non-Gaussian noise and Gaussian noise. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(12): 120501. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.120501
[19]	Zhao Jian-Ming, Zhang Lin-Jie, Li Chang-Yong, Jia Suo-Tang. The transformation of ultra-cold Rydberg atom to plasma. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(5): 2895-2898. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.2895
[20]	Yan Gui-Shen, Li He-Jun, Hao Zhi-Biao. . Acta Physica Sinica, 2002, 51(2): 326-331. doi: 10.7498/aps.51.326

Catalog

Vol. 74, Issue 22 - 2025-11-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 923
PDF Downloads: 54
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板

Abstract

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: ZHOU Yanli, ylzhou@nudt.edu.cn

FullText HTML

References

Cited By

Catalog

Metrics

Authors

Referees

About Journal

About

Search

Article

留言板

Abstract

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: ZHOU Yanli, ylzhou@nudt.edu.cn

FullText HTML

References

Cited By

Catalog

Metrics

Publishing process

Authors

Referees

About Journal

About